COLLECTED AAS INFO & HOW TO CYCLE, Profiles, Info, Cycles etc

CONTENTS:

HALF LIVES OF STEROID ESTERS (dave876)

THE IDEAL CYCLE PROGRESSION

40 POINTS WHEN USING STEROIDS
: safe steroid use and 'How To Guide' for injections (by Dr. X, Mazzy)

HOW TO READ BLOOD TESTS (by Dr. X)

STEROID PROFILES (with thanks to Guard Dog, Prolangatum and Tehkry)
Testosterone Enanthate (Test E, Enan)
Testosterone Propionate (Test prop, prop)
Sustanon (sust, test blend)
Anadrol (Oxandrolone, a-drol, a-bombs)
Dianabol (dbol, methandienone)
Halotestin
Anavar (Var, oxymetholone)

HOW TO CREATE THE PERFECT CYCLE (by Dr.X)

HOW TO CAPS POWDERS(with thanks to Tommy D, Basskiller)

to come: steroid comparison chart

STEROID DETECTION TIMES

LINKS

(this thread still under construction!) - TAC



This post has been edited by TAC on Jun 21 2007, 04:33 AM

ACTIVE HALF-LIFE OF STEROIDS AND ESTERS

An important consideration when planning a steroid cycle, in particular the timing of dosing to be administered, is the active half-life of the drug being employed. The half-life may be defined as the time (t) the level is half of the starting level of a given compound; at time 2t, the level is a quarter of the starting level, and at time 3t, the level is an eighth of the starting level, and so on.

This information is vital in the timing of the dosing when attempting to achieve a more stable blood concentration, which leads to greater overall results and maintenance of gains. Some fluctuations of concentration levels are acceptable, and are also mostly unavoidable, but should be kept to a minimum.

This article covers the active life's of the most commonly used steroids, esters and ancillary compounds.

Oral steroids Drug Active half-life
Anadrol / Anapolan50 (oxymetholone) 8 to 9 hours
Anavar (oxandrolone) 9 hours
Dianabol (methandrostenolone, methandienone) 4.5 to 6 hours
Methyltestosterone 4 days
Winstrol (stanozolol)
(tablets or depot taken orally) 9 hours

Depot steroids Drug Active half-life
Deca-durabolin (Nandrolone decanate) 14 days
Equipoise 14 days
Finaject (trenbolone acetate) 3 days
Primobolan (methenolone enanthate) 10.5 days
Sustanon or Omnadren 15 to 18 days
Testosterone Cypionate 12 days
Testosterone Enanthate 10.5 days
Testosterone Propionate 4.5 days
Testosterone Suspension 1 day
Winstrol (stanozolol) 1 day

*Winstrol depot does not actually possess a classical half-life because it is un-esterified. Instead, the microcrystals dissolve slowly. Once they have all dissolved levels of the drug fall very rapidly. It is still an important consideration, and we have included it with a half-life of one day.


Steroid esters Drug Active half-life
Formate 1.5 days
Acetate 3 days
Propionate 2 days
Phenylpropionate 4.5 days
Butyrate 6 days
Valerate 7.5 days
Hexanoate 9 days
Caproate 9 days
Isocaproate 9 days
Heptanoate 10.5 days
Enanthate 10.5 days
Octanoate 12 days
Cypionate 12 days
Nonanoate 13.5 days
Decanoate 15 days
Undecanoate 16.5 days

Ancillaries Drug Active half-life
Arimidex 3 days
Clenbuterol 1.5 days
Clomid 5 days
Cytadren 6 hours
Ephedrine 6 hours
T3 10 hours

A practical example is if one was to inject 100mg of testosterone propionate and allow blood levels to peak. In 1-1.5 days time (half-life duration from the above tables) and providing no other injections had taken place, the level would be reduced to 50mg. Again, a further 1-1.5 days down the line and levels would have dropped to 25mg, and the value keeps halving every 1-1.5 days.

This post has been edited by TAC on Jun 17 2007, 07:08 PM

Half-life is the time for a compound to breakdown(decaying exponentially) to half of its initial value. For example, some PH/PS compounds start to breakdown after 4 hours, so in those products, you would want to spread the dosages evenly throughout the day to keep an even elevated blood supply versus taking the entire daily dosage at one time.

Here is a more scientific answer in case your interested: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life
For exponential decay: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

This post has been edited by TAC on Jun 17 2007, 07:08 PM

I have combined some of the stickies to make the forum look cleaner, deleted a few of the posts and edited a few to make them make more sense in light of the ones I deleted (didn't interfere with the meaning of them though).

In answer to a few of the half-life questions:

Nolvadex (tamoxifen citrate) has a long half-life, around a week if I remember correctly, but it should still be taken once daily.

I don't believe anyone has exact numbers as far as the prohormones go, but most of them are eliminated within a few days at the latest, except for 19-nor. In any case, one should take orals at least three times a day (except for perhaps methyls - there is a lot of debate over the best way to use those) and transdermals should be administered twice a day.

If this is your first time around I implore you to go with just a Test only cycle (d-bol is fine to add), combine that with a 4000-5000 calorie a day strict clean diet, along with 8 hours of good sleep every night, and last but not least a sound training program that kicks your ass. You will be amazed by the results. Wait to begin stacking until you know how you react to the Test.

BULKING CYCLES

What should be your first cycle...Test only
Week 1-10 400-500mg Test Enth or Cyp. (2 shots per week)

PCT (14 days after last shot for Enth., 18 days for Cyp)
Day 1 300mg Clomid, Day 2-11 100mg clomid, day 12-21 50mg clomid
Week 13-15 20mg Nolva ED

Possible additions...
Week 1-4 D-bol 25-35 mg ED (spread throughout day at 3-4 hour intervals)
Week 1-12 .25mg or L-dex ED (if the bloat is too much for you)
Week 1-12 10mg Nolva ED (if you are prone to gyno, not if you simply think you are prone)

The longer esters (Enth or Cyp) of Test are more ideal for a first cycle based on the fact that this should be your first time pinning yourself. As such having to jab 1-2 times per week would be more easily accomplished then Prop with ED injects. The D-bol is optional as a kick start to the cycle before the Test kicks in. I prefer PCT with a CLomid and Nolva combo, some might say this is overkill and if you are one of them then Clomid only is fine as outlined above.

Second Stack...add 1 new compound
Week 1-4 25-35mg D-bol ED (spread throughout day at 3-4 hour intervals)
Week 1-12 500mg Test Enth or Cyp. (2 shots per week)
Week 1-11 400mg Deca or EQ (2 shots per week)

PCT (21 days after last shot of Deca or EQ)
Same PCT as above, Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-14 200mg Vitamin B6 ED (to keep Progesterone/Deca gyno at bay)
Week 1-14 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)
Week 1-14 .25mg or L-dex ED (if the bloat is too much for you)

Keeping with the standard "Test as the base of all cycles" rule, simply add 1 new compound with each additional cycle. Because as witht he Test in the first cycle, you never know how your body will react. Deca is great for adding bulk during a cycle as well as lubricating the joints to prevent against injury. EQ is a great substitute for Deca, it can give you nice lean gains that are easier to keep after cycling off. With either Deca or EQ, you can and should IMO continue pinning your Test for 1 week after due to the longer half-life of the Deca/EQ, this way both compounds should be at proper levels to begin your PCT (except in the case of Sustanon which has a Decanoate ester included).

Third stack...add 1 new compound
Week 1-4 25-35mg D-bol ED (spread throughout day at 3-4 hour intervals)
Week 1-12 500mg Test Enth, Cyp.(2 shots per week) , Or Sustanon (preferably shot EOD)
Week 1-11 400mg Deca or EQ (2 shots per week)
Week 8-14 50mg Winny ED

PCT (21 days after last shot with Deca/1 day after last Winny shot/tab)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-14 200mg Vitamin B6 ED (to keep Deca gyno at bay)
Week 1-14 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)
Week 1-14 .25mg or L-dex ED (if the bloat is too much for you)

In this cycle, the next addition/possibility was two-fold.
1) The option of using Sustanon, a blend of 4 different Test esters, all with different half-lives that make this option best used EOD. Some good gains have been made with 2 jabs per week but that does not take full advantage of the esters and the full benefits of using Sust.
2) Winny is good for those who are looking to "harden up" towards the end of a wet cycle such as Test/Deca/D-bol. It doesn't provide much in the area of mass gains but can make your physique look more cut up (through an anti-estrogen/diuretic property), provided your bf% is low enough.

Fourth Stack...add 1 new compound
Week 1-4 25-35mg D-bol ED
Week 1-12 500mg Test Enth, Cyp. (2 shots per week), Or Sustanon
Week 1-11 200-400mg Deca or 400-600mg EQ
Week 1-6 or 9-14 50-75mg Tren Acetate ED or 100-150mg EOD

PCT (21 days after last shot with Deca/Sust or 3 days after last Tren shot)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-14 200mg Vitamin B6 ED (to keep Deca/Tren gyno at bay)
Week 1-14 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)
Week 1-14 .25mg or L-dex ED (if the bloat is too much for you)

Ahhh, the the moment we have all been waiting for the introduction of Tren into a cycle (not really though as Tren and its side effects are not for everyone). IMO, start slow with the Tren, either do 50mg ED or 100mg EOD...if necessary (which it probably won't be) push it up to 75mg ED or 150mg EOD. I really like the idea of lubricating the joints with Deca when using Tren. Who wants to tear up the tendons and ligaments from those tremendous strength increases, again EQ can be substituted for the Deca but not a good choice IMO. The main problem with this stack is too much Progesterone/Prolactin build-up...this could be the cycle from hell if you don't use your ancillaries correctly. You should look into procuring some Dostinex since Vitamin B6 might not be strong enough to hold back these guys.

CUTTING CYCLES

Any stack can work as both a bulker or cutter as diet plays the most important part in deciding this, some compounds are simply prefered for one or the other for certain properties. Ex. D-bol=massive water retention, Winny=dry, lean gains

First cutting cycle...Test only
Week 1-8 50-75mg Test Prop ED or 100-150mg EOD (ideally ED not EOD)

PCT (2 Days after last shot)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-8 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)

For cutting, less bloat is desirable, as such Test Prop is the choice to go with, the longer esters bloat can be contained by AI's if you don't like the idea of daily jabs. Idealy, Prop should be shot ED though results can still be seen with EOD jabs.

Second cutting stack...add 1 new item
Week 1-8 75mg Test Prop ED or 150mg EOD
Week 3-8 50mg Winny ED

PCT (2 Days after last shot/tab)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Possible additions...
Week 1-8 Nolva 10mg ED (if you are prone to gyno)

Again, Test Prop with the addition of some Winny for its "hardening" effect. For Winny, the route of its administration is entriely up to you. Many users report Winny to be a very annoying/burning compound to pin. As such, though the bioavailability will decrease slightly, oral administration is better IMO unless you have something to dilute the Winny with such as your daily Test Prop injection.

Third cutting stack...add 1 new item
Week 1-8 50-75mg Test Prop ED or 150mg EOD (ideally ED not EOD)
Week 1-8 50mg Tren Acetate ED or 100mg EOD

PCT (2 Days after last shot of Prop, 3 days after last shot of Tren)
Same PCT as above. Clomid and Nolva

Test Prop and Tren Ace can be used as a cutter, but the Test/Tren combo is so strong that you can bulk like crazy while droping some bf% as Tren seems to have some properties that help with VAT fat burning (as does Anavar).

CLOSING STATEMENTS:

I do not use or endorse the use of any illegal supplements...this is all just role playing and I am not liable for any use/misuse.

With that said...as you can tell most of the cycles utilize many of the same compounds. Other compounds can be used to replace some such as...Anadrol in place of D-bol for more experienced users. More exotic/expensive compounds such as Anavar would be a great addition to just about any cycle. Also there are many different esters of almost all of the injectable steroids...they can be substituted in the place of their cousins already listed with the appropriate pinning schedule revisions. (Ex. Tren Enth in place of Tren Acetate or Nandrolone Phenylprop in place of Deca).

Fpot66

This post has been edited by Nicholas18644 on Feb 18 2006, 08:07 AM

Steroids 40 points
by Mozzy

1. Have shower! Try to use an anti-bacterial soap if you can this will kill of any bacteria on the skin which will prevent them getting in though you injection and if you get acne during your cycle it may help.
2. Check you have all of you injection materials at hand. Build yourself a kit with all you will need in it. Detox does a good anti bacterial soap for under a pound.
3. Soak oil based steroid ampoules (or the base of bottles) in hot water (not boiling) for a few minuets prior to injection this will thin out the oils making them easier to pass down the needle and to spread out in the muscle.
4. Remove any excess garments before injecting as they may fall on your injection area during injections.
5. The best pins to use are either greens (21 gauge) or blues (23gauge) and should be either 1 inch or one and a half inches long, I would recommend that you use a needle only once. Orange (25guage) thinner needles can be used for water or alcohol based steroids.
6. The syringe should be large enough to accommodate the entire steroid the best to get are probably 3-5cc/ml.
7. The injection site should be properly disinfected before injection using a steret or if that is not available an alcohol based disinfectant like surgical spirit to kill of any surface bacteria. Anti bacterial wipes can also be used.
8. It may be best to wipe down the top of the ampoules with the steret as well, so that no bacteria can get into the needle when you draw up the steroid. Also never touch the needle with you hands.
9. Choose a site that you are happy with. Personally I think the ass is the best place. If you stand up and clench you buttocks and you will be able to feel at the top forward point of the glute there is a bulge in which the muscle sticks out a little more that the rest of the buttock. I found this to be the best site for oil-based steroids.
10. If you sleep on you side you may find it better to inject into the buttock of the side you do not sleep on so you may have more ease sleeping.
11. Draw the oils up the needle slowly to prevent lots of air bubbles forming.
12. Place the cap on the needle and place the syringe in an upright position to allow the small bubbles to rise to the top some flicking of the syringe may help dislodge and stubborn bubbles stuck to the side of the chamber.
13. After a few moments all of the bubbles will have reached to top when this has happened you need to squeeze the air slowly out of the chamber and allow a little of the oil to run down the pin. This will ensure that there are not any little bubbles remaining at the top of the chamber and the oil, which runs down the needle, will act like a lubricant when the needle penetrates the skin.
14. While holding the syringe in one hand find the injection site with the other, pull the skin slightly apart to allow ease of injection. When the site is found the needle should be sharply thrust into the skin a little way and then the whole of the needle should be slowly inserted into the muscle.
15. Note when inserting, retracting or injecting the needle should not be allowed to wiggle inside the muscle as this may scratch up the inside and cause irritation, the needle should only move in and out with no deviation at all.
16. When the needle is in place you should retract the plunger a little. If blood appears you have entered a vein and you should retract the whole needle and find a new site, as injecting straight into a vein will give you a good chance of having a stroke or heart attack if the pure oil enters the brain or heart.
17. If you see an air bubble form at the top of the needle when you pull the plunger back, there is air in the needle and it is best to retract, expel the air and re-inject.
18. Once the needle in embedded in the muscle pressure should be gently applied to the end of the syringe to slowly and evenly deliver the entire steroid. If not enough pressure is applied it will take too long and you may have to stop pushing because you hand get too tired and if you push it in too fast a pocket of oil may form which can be uncomfortable.
19. Withdraw the needle slowly, immediately after the needle has left the skin massage vigorously. Do this for some time, as it will help distribute the steroid evenly over the muscle as well as stopping blood loss threw the injection site.
20. Dispose of your injection equipment with responsibility. Don't just chuck it in the local bin in the street as any small kids could hurt themselves on it. It is best if you get a pair of pliers and you bend down the end of the needle so that it can’t hurt any one. Needle exchanges can be used for disposal and will be happy to supply you disposal equipment etc.
21. Never share a needle with any one!
22. Always use strict hygiene in every injection, if one day you forget or cant be bothered you may end up with a two-inch abscess in your ass, which will eat and destroy your muscle and you may have to take three months or more to recover.
23. Only use steroids from some one you trust if you are in doubt of what's in the bottle DO NOT USE IT!
24. When cracking off the tops of ampoules use a towel or dry flannel as some times when it breaks the glass shatters and you don't want hands cut to ribbons or you can use a file to lightly score it first.
25. When using steroids that come out of bottles rather than amps. Use one needle to draw out of the bottle with and one to inject with. Also when drawing out of a bottle, say you want to draw out two ml. into the chamber then it is best to fill the syringe with 2cc's of air. Then insert it into the bottle and push the air in this will give a certain amount of pressure in the bottle and will make it easier to draw up the oil.
26. Always have all the steroids and other drugs for your cycle before you start as you may think you local source is reliable and if a bus hits him while you are 5 weeks in you could be in trouble.
27. If you are doing a cycle you have never done before or are new to steroid use always have a good supply of anti estrogens to hand as you don't want to get gynomastoma. Clomid or nolvadex are probably the best.
28. If you get problems with Roid-rage (although rare) consider the effects you will have on you loved ones. Is getting massive more important that you wife and family?
29. Steroids only have their best effect with proper training, diet and rest, ask you self " do I have all these?" If the answer is no you better sort them out before wasting you time and money on steroids.
30. People who are still growing should never contemplate steroid use. As it may stunt their growth and deform their bones.
31. Women should be very wary using any testosterone-based steroids, as the side effects are dramatic and permanent. Do you want to grow a beard as big as mine? ZZ top eat you heart out the women body builders are here!
32. Oral steroids are effective as well as intramuscular injectable versions. Both have their side effects. Tablets require no special equipment for delivery and there is no chance of getting an infection from poor hygiene from them either but they are far more toxic to the liver.
33. Injectable steroids need only be applied once or twice a week while orals have to typically taken throughout the day.
34. Do a lot of research into cycles and the effects and side effects of steroid use and make an educated decision before parting with your cash. The Internet is very useful for this.
35. Typical side effects on men, from testosterone based steroids are: water retention, gynomastoma, acne, oily skin, mood swings, sleeping problems, sexual appetite changes, reduction in the size of the testicles and reduction in the amount of fluid you ejaculate.
36. Water or alcohol based steroids can be injected into the delts as well as the usual glutes and quads.
37. If you suffer from high blood pressure don't even think about it!
38. If you are the typical 17 year old wannabe who has been training arms and chest only for the last six weeks and wants to do a course of 1000mg a week sustanon who eats burgers, beer and pizza and wants too look like Flex or Leverone? IT WON'T HAPPEN! You have more chance looking like the Madeline Allbright after you cycle.
39. Being massive is NOT what it's all about. If you are a 200lbs fat f*#k you will be a 240lbs fatter f*#ker after you cycle. Learn to control you calories. Its better to be smaller and leaner and look better than to be a lard ass.
40. Phew! Last one. What ever you do, do it properly be it natural or chemically assisted know what you are doing. There are no fast routs to getting lean or massive it takes time and dedication. If you aren’t in it for the whole slog ... don't bother go and hire a video and call out for a pizza.

Bloodwork Knowledge

Blood tests

You just had some blood work done, and the friggin' doctor or his nurses are guarding the results as if they're state secrets. However, after much cajoling and explaining that you'd like to at least be an informed partner in your own goshdarn health care, they begrudgingly give you a copy of your lab tests.

Trouble is, as much as you've been posturing about how you've had more than a smattering of medical education, you still can't figure out what half the tests are for and whether or not those abnormal values are anything to worry about.

Well, in the following article, I'm going to go over each of the most common tests. I'll include why it's performed, what it tells you, and what the typical ranges are for normal humans. That way, you'll have something more to go on in assessing your health other than your family doctor saying, "Well, these few values are a little worrisome, but you'll probably be okay."

One note, though, before I get started. The values I'll be listing are merely averages and the ranges may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory. Also, if there's only one range given, it applies to both men and women.

Lipid Panel — Used to determine possible risk for coronary and vascular disease. In other words, heart disease.

HDL/LDL and Total Cholesterol

These lipoproteins should look rather familiar to most of you. HDL is simply the "good" lipoprotein that acts as a scavenger molecule and prevents a buildup of material. LDL is the "bad" lipoprotein which collects in arterial walls and causes blockage or a reduction in blood flow. The total cholesterol to HDL ratio is also important. I went in to detail about this particular subject — as well as how to improve your lipid profile — in my article "Bad Blood".

Nevertheless, a quick remonder: your HDL should be 35 or higher; LDL below 130; and total to HDL ratio should be below 3.5. Oh and don't forget VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) which can be extremely worrisome. You should have less than 30 mg/dl in order to not be considered at risk for heart disease.

On a side note, I'm sure some of you are wishing that you had abnormally low plasma cholesterol levels (as if it's something to brag about), but the fact is that having extremely low cholesterol levels is actually indicative of severe liver disease.

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are simply a form of fat that exists in the bloodstream. They're transported by two other culprits, VLDL and LDL. A high level of triglycerides is also a risk factor for heart disease as well. Triglycerides levels can be increased if food or alcohol is consumed 12 to 24 hours prior to the blood draw and this is the reason why you're asked to fast for 12-14 hours from food and abstain from alcohol for 24 hours. Here are the normal ranges for healthy humans.

16-19 yr. old male
40-163 mg/dl

Adult Male
40-160 mg/dl

16-19 yr. old female
40-128 mg/dl

Adult Female
35-135 mg/dl

Homocysteine

Unfortunately, this test isn't always ordered by the doctor. It should be. Homocysteine is formed in the metabolism of the dietary amino acid methionine. The problem is that it's a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis. In other words, high levels may cause you to have a heart attack. A good number of lifters should be concerned with this value as homocysteine levels rise with anabolic steroid usage.

Luckily, taking folic acid (about 400-800 mcg.) as well as taking a good amount of all B vitamins in general will go a long way in terms of preventing a rise in levels of homocysteine.

Normal ranges:

Males and Females age 0-30
4.6-8.1 umol/L

Males age 30-59
6.3-11.2 umol/L

Females age 30-59
4.5-7.9 umol/L

>59 years of age
5.8-11.9 umol/L

The Hemo Profile

These are various tests that examine a number of components of your blood and look for any abnormalities that could be indicative of serious diseases that may result in you being an extra in the HBO show, "Six Feet Under."

WBC Total (White Blood Cell)

Also referred to as leukocytes, a fluctuation in the number of these types of cells can be an indicator of things like infections and disease states dealing with immunity, cancer, stress, etc.

Normal ranges:

4,500-11,000/mm3

Neutrophils

This is one type of white blood cell that's in circulation for only a very short time. Essentially their job is phagocytosis, which is the process of killing and digesting bacteria that cause infection. Both severe trauma and bacterial infections, as well as inflammatory or metabolic disorders and even stress, can cause an increase in the number of these cells. Having a low number of neutrophils can be indicative of a viral infection, a bacterial infection, or a rotten diet.

Normal ranges:

2,500-8,000 cells per mm3

RBC (Red Blood Cell)

These blood cells also called erythrocytes and their primary function is to carry oxygen (via the hemoglobin contained in each RBC) to varioustissues as well as giving our blood that cool "red" color. Unlike WBC, RBC survive in peripheral blood circulation for approximately 120 days. A decrease in the number of these cells can result in anemia which could stem from dietary insufficiencies. An increase in number can occur when androgens are used. This is because androgens increase EPO (erythropoietin) production which in turn increases RBC count and thus elevates blood volume. This is essentially why some androgens are better than others at increasing "vascularity." Anyhow, the danger in this could be an increase in blood pressure or a stroke.

Androgen-using lifters who have high values should consider making modifications to their stack and/or immediately donating some blood.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
4,700,000-6,100,000 cells/uL

Adult Female
4,200,000-5,400,000 cells/uL

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is what serves as a carrier for both oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation. Molecules of this are found within each red blood cell. An increase in hemoglobin can be an indicator of congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, sever burns, or dehydration. Being at high altitudes, or the use of androgens, can cause an increase as well. A decrease in number can be a sign of anemia, lymphoma, kidney disease, sever hemorrhage, cancer, sickle cell anemia, etc.

Normal ranges:

Males and females 6-18 years
10-15.5 g/dl

Adult Males
14-18 g/dl

Adult Females
12-16 g/dl

Hematocrit

The hematocrit is used to measure the percentage of the total blood volume that's made up of red blood cells. An increase in percentage may be indicative of congenital heart disease, dehydration, diarrhea, burns, etc. A decrease in levels may be indicative of anemia, hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis, hemorrhage, leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy, malnutrition, a sucking knife wound to the chest, etc.

Normal ranges:

Male and Females age 6-18 years
32-44%

Adult Men
42-52%

Adult Women
37-47%

MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)

This is one of three red blood cell indices used to check for abnormalities. The MCV is the size or volume of the average red blood cell. A decrease in MCV would then indicate that the RBC's are abnormally large(or macrocytic), and this may be an indicator of iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia. When an increase is noted, that would indicate abnormally small RBC (microcytic), and this may be indicative of a vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency as well as liver disease.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
80-100 fL

Adult Female
79-98 fL

12-18 year olds
78-100 fL

MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)

The MCH is the weight of hemoglobin present in the average red blood cell. This is yet another way to assess whether some sort of anemia or deficiency is present.

Normal ranges:

12-18 year old
35-45 pg

Adult Male
26-34 pg

Adult Female
26-34 pg


MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)

The MCHC is the measurement of the amount of hemoglobin present in the average red blood cell as compared to its size. A decrease in number is an indicator of iron deficiency, thalassemia, lead poisoning, etc. An increase is sometimes seen after androgen use.

Normal ranges:

12-18 year old
31-37 g/dl

Adult Male
31-37 g/dl

Adult Female
30-36 g/dl

RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width)

The RDW is an indicator of the variation in red blood cell size. It's used in order to help classify certain types of anemia, and to see if some of the red blood cells need their suits tailored. An increase in RDW can be indicative of iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anemia, and diseases like sickle cell anemia.

Normal ranges:

Adult Mal
11.7-14.2%

Adult Female
11.7-14.2%

Platelets

Platelets or thrombocytes are essential for your body's ability to form blood clots and thus stop bleeding. They're measured in order to assess the likelihood of certain disorders or diseases. An increase can be indicative of a malignant disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, iron deficiency anemia, etc. A decrease can be indicative of much more, including things like infection, various types of anemia, leukemia, etc.

On a side note for these ranges, anything above 1 million/mm3 would be considered a critical value and should warrant concern and/or giving second thoughts as to whether you should purchase a lifetime subscription to Muscle Media.

Normal ranges:

Child
150,000-400,000/mm3
(Most commonly displayed in SI units of 150-400 x 10(9th)/L

Adult
150,000-400,000/mm3
(Most commonly displayed in SI units of 150-400 x 10(9th)/L

ABS (Differential Count)

The differential count measures the percentage of each type of leukocyte or white blood cell present in the same specimen. Using this, they can determine whether there's a bacterial or parasitic infection, as well as immune reactions, etc.

Pt. 2

Neutrophils

As explained previously, severe trauma and bacterial infections, as well as inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, and even stress can cause an increase in the number of these cells. Also, on the other side of the spectrum, a low number of these cells can indicate a viral infection, a bacterial infection, or a deficient diet.

Percentile Range:

55-70%

Basophils

These cells, and in particular, eosinophils, are present in the event of an allergic reaction as well as when a parasite is present. These types of cells don't increase in response to viral or bacterial infections so if an increased count is noted, it can be deduced that either an allergic response has occurred or a parasite has taken up residence in your shorts.

Percentile Range:

Basophils
0.5-1%

Eosinophils
1-4%

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes can be divided in to two different types of cells: T cells and B cells. T cells are involved in immune reactions and B cells are involved in antibody production. The main job of lymphocytes in general is to fight off — Bruce Lee style — bacterial and viral infections.

Monocytes are similar to neutrophils but are produced more rapidly and stay in the system for a longer period of time.

Percentile Range:

Lymphocytes
20-40%

Monocytes
2-8%

Selected Clinical Values

Sodium

This cation (an ion with a postive charge) is mainly found in extracellular spaces and is responsible for maintaining a balance of water in the body. When sodium in the blood rises, the kidneys will conserve water and when the sodium concentration is low, the kidneys conserve sodium and excrete water. Increased levels can result from excessive dietary intake, Cushing's syndrome, excessive sweating, burns, forgetting to drink for a week, etc. Decreased levels can result from a deficient diet, Addison's disease, diarrhea, vomiting, chronic renal insufficiency, excessive water intake, congestive heart failure, etc. Anabolic steroids will lead to an increased level of sodium as well.

Normal range:

Adults
136-145 mEq/L

Potassium

On the other side of the spectrum, you have the most important intracellular cation. Increased levels can be an indicator of excessive dietary intake, acute renal failure, aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics, a crushing injury to tissues, infection, acidosis, dehydration, etc. Decreased levels can be indicative of a deficient dietary intake, burns, diarrhea or vomiting, diuretics, Cushing's syndrome, licorice consumption, insulin use, cystic fibrosis, trauma, surgery, etc.

Normal range:

Adults
3.5-5 mEq/L

Chloride

This is the major extracellular anion (an ion carrying a negative charge). Its purpose it is to maintain electrical neutrality with sodium. It also serves as a buffer in order to maintain the pH balance of the blood. Chloride typically accompanies sodium and thus the causes for change are essentially the same.

Normal range:

Adult
98-106 mEq/L

Carbon Dioxide

The CO2 content is used to evaluate the pH of the blood as well as aid in evaluation of electrolyte levels. Increased levels can be indicative of severe diarrhea, starvation, vomiting, emphysema, metabolic alkalosis, etc. Increased levels could also mean that you're a plant. Decreased levels can be indicative of kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, shock, and starvation.

Normal range:

Adults
23-30 mEq/L

Glucose

The amount of glucose in the blood after a prolonged period of fasting (12-14 hours) is used to determine whether a person is in a hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) or hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) state. Both can be indicators of serious conditions. Increased levels can be indicative of diabetes mellitus, acute stress, Cushing's syndrome, chronic renal failure, corticosteroid therapy, acromegaly, etc. Decreased levels could be indicative of hypothyroidism, insulinoma, liver disease, insulin overdose, and starvation.

Normal range:

Adult Male
65-120 mg/dl

Adult Female
65-120 mg/dl

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

This test measures the amount of urea nitrogen that's present in the blood. When protein is metabolized, the end product is urea which is formed in the liver and excreted from the bloodstream via the kidneys. This is why BUN is a good indicator of both liver and kidney function. Increased levels can stem from shock, burns, dehydration, congestive hear failure, myocardial infarction, excessive protein ingestion, excessive protein catabolism, starvation, sepsis, renal disease, renal failure, etc. Causes of a decrease in levels can be liver failure, overhydration, negative nitrogen balance via malnutrition, pregnancy, etc.

Normal range:

Adults
10-20 mg/dl

Creatinine

Creatinine is a byproduct of creatine phosphate, the chemical used in contraction of skeletal muscle. So, the more muscle mass you have, the higher the creatine levels and therefore the higher the levels of creatinine. Also, when you ingest large amounts of beef or other meats that have high levels of creatine in them, you can increase creatinine levels as well. Since creatinine levels are used to measure the functioning of the kidneys, this easily explains why creatine has been accused of causing kidney damage, since it naturally results in an increase in creatinine levels.

However, we need to remember that these tests are only indicators of functioning and thus outside drugs and supplements can influence them and give false results, as creatine may do. This is why creatine, while increasing creatinine levels, does not cause renal damage or impair function. Generally speaking, though, increased levels are indicative of urinary tract obstruction, acute tubular necrosis, reduced renal blood flow (stemming from shock, dehydration, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis), as well as acromegaly. Decreased levels can be indicative of debilitation, and decreased muscle mass via disease or some other cause.

Normal range:

Adult Male
0.6-1.2 mg/dl

Adult Female
0.5-1.1 mg/dl

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

A high ratio may be found in states of shock, volume depletion, hypotension, dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, and in some cases, a catabolic state. A low ratio can be indicative of a low protein diet, malnutrition, pregnancy, severe liver disease, ketosis, etc. Keep in mind, though, that the term BUN, when used in the same sentence as hamburger or hotdog, usually means something else entirely. An important thing to note again is that with a high protein diet, you'll likely have a higher ratio and this is nothing to worry about.

Normal range:

Adult
6-25

Calcium

Calcium is measured in order to assess the function of the parathyroid and calcium metabolism. Increased levels can stem from hyperparathyroidism, metastatic tumor to the bone, prolonged immobilization, lymphoma, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, etc. It's also important to note that anabolic steroids can also increase calcium levels. Decreased levels can stem from renal failure, rickets, vitamin D deficiency, malabsorption, pancreatitis, and alkalosis.

Normal range:

Adult
9-10.5 mg/dl

Liver Function

Total Protein

This measures the total level of albumin and globulin in the body. Albumin is synthesized by the liver and as such is used as an indicator of liver function. It functions to transport hormones, enzymes, drugs and other constituents of the blood.

Globulins are the building blocks of your body's antibodies. Measuring the levels of these two proteins is also an indicator of nutritional status. Increased albumin levels can result from dehydration, while decreased albumin levels can result from malnutrition, pregnancy, liver disease, overhydration, inflammatory diseases, etc. Increased globulin levels can result from inflammatory diseases, hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), iron deficiency anemia, as well as infections. Decreased globulin levels can result from hyperthyroidism, liver dysfunction, malnutrition, and immune deficiencies or disorders.

As another important side note, anabolic steroids, growth hormone, and insulin can all increase protein levels.

Normal range:

Adult
Total Protein: 6.4-8.3 g/dl
Albumin: 3.5-5 g/dl
Globulin: 2.3-3.4 g/dl

Albumin/Globulin Ratio:

Adult
0.8-2.0

Bilirubin

Bilirubin is one of the many constituents of bile, which is formed in the liver. An increase in levels of bilirubin can be indicative of liver stress or damage/inflammation. Drugs that may increase bilirubin include oral anabolic steroids (17-AA), antibiotics, diuretics, morphine, codeine, contraceptives, etc. Drugs that may decrease levels are barbiturates and caffeine. Non-drug induced increased levels can be indicative of gallstones, extensive liver metastasis, and cholestasis from certain drugs, hepatitis, sepsis, sickle cell anemia, cirrhosis, etc.

Normal range:

Total Bilirubin for Adult
0.3-1.0 mg/dl

Alkaline Phosphatase

This enzyme is found in very high concentrations in the liver and for this reason is used as an indicator of liver stress or damage. Increased levels can stem from cirrhosis, liver tumor, pregnancy, healing fracture, normal bones of growing children, and rheumatoid arthritis. Decreased levels can stem from hypothyroidism, malnutrition, pernicious anemia, scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) and excess vitamin B ingestion. As a side note, antibiotics can cause an increase in the enzyme levels.

Normal range:

16-21 years
30-200 U/L

Adult
30-120 U/L

Pt. 3

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase, previously known as SGOT)

This is yet another enzyme that's used to determine if there's damage or stress to the liver. It may also be used to see if heart disease is a possibility as well, but this isn't as accurate. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, AST levels can rise to a very high level (20 times the normal value). This happens because AST is released when the cells of that particular organ (liver) are lysed. The AST then enters blood circulation and an elevation can be seen. Increased levels can be indicative of heart disease, liver disease, skeletal muscle disease or injuries, as well as heat stroke. Decreased levels can be indicative of acute kidney disease, beriberi, diabetic ketoacidosis, pregnancy, and renal dialysis.

Normal range:

Adult
0-35 U/L (Females may have slightly lower levels)

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase, previously known as SGPT)

This is yet another enzyme that is found in high levels within the liver. Injury or disease of the liver will result in an increase in levels of ALT. I should note however, that because lesser quantities are found in skeletal muscle, there could be a weight-training induced increase . Weight training causes damage to muscle tissue and thus could slightly elevate these levels, giving a false indicator for liver disease. Still, for the most part, it's a rather accurate diagnostic tool. Increased levels can be indicative of hepatitis, hepatic necrosis, cirrhosis, cholestasis, hepatic tumor, hepatotoxic drugs, and jaundice, as well as severe burns, trauma to striated muscle (via weight training), myocardial infarction, mononucleosis, and shock.

Normal range:

Adult
4-36 U/L

Endocrine Function

Testosterone (Free and Total)

This is of course the hormone that you should all be extremely familiar with as it's the name of this here magazine! Anyhow, just as some background info, about 95% of the circulating Testosterone in a man's body is formed by the Leydig cells, which are found in the testicles. Women also have a small amount of Testosterone in their body as well. (Some more than others, which accounts for the bearded ladies you see at the circus, or hanging around with Chris Shugart.) This is from a very small amount of Testosterone secreted by the ovaries and the adrenal gland (in which the majority is made from the adrenal conversion of androstenedione to Testosterone via 17-beta HSD).

Nomal range, total Testosterone:

Male

Age 14
<1200 ng/dl

Age 15-16
100-1200 ng/dl

Age 17-18
300-1200 ng/dl

Age 19-40
300-950 ng/dl

Over 40
240-950 ng/dl

Female

Age 17-18
20-120 ng/dl

Over 18
20-80 ng/dl

Normal range, free Testosterone:

Male
50-210 pg/ml

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

LH is a glycoprotein that's secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for signaling the leydig cells to produce Testosterone. Measuring LH can be very useful in terms of determining whether a hypogonadic state (low Testosterone) is caused by the testicles not being responsive despite high or normal LH levels (primary), or whether it's the pituitary gland not secreting enough LH (secondary). Of course, the hypothalamus — which secretes LH-RH (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone) — could also be the culprit, as well as perhaps both the hypothalamus and the pituitary.

If it's a case of the testicles not being responsive to LH, then things like clomiphene and hCG really won't help. If the problem is secondary, then there's a better chance for improvement with drug therapy. Increased levels can be indicative of hypogonadism, precocious puberty, and pituitary adenoma. Decreased levels can be indicative of pituitary failure, hypothalamic failure, stress, and malnutrition.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
1.24-7.8 IU/L

Adult Female
Follicular phase: 1.68-15 IU/L
Ovulatory phase: 21.9-56.6 IU/L
Luteal phase: 0.61-16.3 IU/L
Postmenopausal: 14.2-52.3 IU/L

Estradiol

With this being the most potent of the estrogens, I'm sure you're all aware that it can be responsible for things like water retention, hypertrophy of adipose tissue, gynecomastia, and perhaps even prostate hypertrophy and tumors. As a male it's very important to get your levels of this hormone checked for the above reasons. Also, it's the primary estrogen that's responsible for the negative feedback loop which suppresses endogenous Testosterone production. So, if your levels of estradiol are rather high, you can bet your ass that you'll be hypogonadal as well.

Increased estradiol levels can be indicative of a testicular tumor, adrenal tumor, hepatic cirrhosis, necrosis of the liver, hyperthyroidism, etc.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
10-50 pg/ml

Adult Female
Follicular phase: 20-350 pg/ml
Midcycle peak: 150-750 pg/ml
Luteal phase: 30-450 pg/ml
Postmenopausal: 20 pg/ml or less

Thyroid (T3, T4 Total and Free, TSH)

T3 (Triiodothyronine)

T3 is the more metabolically active hormone out of T4 and T3. When levels are below normal it's generally safe to assume that the individual is suffering from hypothyroidism. Drugs that may increase T3 levels include estrogen and oral contraceptives. Drugs that may decrease T3 levels include anabolic steroids/androgens as well as propanolol (a beta adrenergic blocker) and high dosages of salicylates. Increased levels can be indicative of Graves disease, acute thyroiditis, pregnancy, hepatitis, etc. Decreased levels can be indicative of hypothyroidism, protein malnutrition, kidney failure, Cushing's syndrome, cirrhosis, and liver diseases.

Normal ranges:

16-20 years old
80-210 ng/dl

20-50 years
75-220 ng/dl or 1.2-3.4 nmol/L

Over 50
40-180 ng/dl or 0.6-2.8 nmol/L

T4 (Thyroxine)

T4 is just another indicator of whether or not someone is in a hypo or hyperthyroid state. It too is rather reliable but free thyroxine levels should be assessed as well. Drugs that increase of decrease T3 will, in most cases, do the same with T4. Increased levels are indicative of the same things as T3 and a decrease can be indicative of protein depleted states, iodine insufficiency, kidney failure, Cushing's syndrome, and cirrhosis.

Normal ranges:

Adult Male
4-12 ug/dl or 51-154 nmol/L

Adult Female
5-12 ug/dl or 64-154 nmol/L

Free T4 or Thyroxine

Since only 1-5% of the total amount of T4 is actually free and useable, this test is a far better indicator of the thyroid status of the patient. An increase indicates a hyperthyroid state and a decrease indicates a hypothyroid state. Drugs that increase free T4 are heparin, aspirin, danazol, and propanolol. Drugs that decrease it are furosemide, methadone, and rifampicin. Increased and decreased levels are indicative of the same possible diseases and states that are seen with T4 and T3.

Normal ranges:

0.8-2.8 ng/dl or 10-36 pmol/L

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

Measuring the level of TSH can be very helpful in terms of determining if the problem resides with the thyroid itself or the pituitary gland. If TSH levels are high, then it's merely the thyroid gland not responding for some reason but if TSH levels are low, it's the hypothalamus or pituitary gland that has something wrong with it. The problem could be a tumor, some type of trauma, or an infarction.

Drugs that can increase levels of TSH include lithium, potassium iodide and TSH itself. Drugs that may decrease TSH are aspirin, heparin, dopamine, T3, etc. Increased TSH is indicative of thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and congenital cretinism. Decreased levels are indicative of hypothyroidism (pituitary dysfunction), hyperthyroidism, and pituitary hypofunction.

Normal ranges:

Adult
2-10 uU/ml or 2-10 mU/L

Knowing how to interpret these tests can be a very valuable tool in terms of health and your body building and athletic progress. Use your new knowledge wisely.
__________________

Posted by Masswithclass on Musclesci

Excellent post X. I think getting a blood test a couple of times a year is one of the best things you can do health wise. Not only that but its a great way to track progress on certain readings.

I had my bloodwork done around a month ago. From my experiences if you don't tell your doctor you want the results the lab company will usually call you up and simply tell you everything is fine, thats it. Not exactly what you want.

I think the best thing you can do is get your doctor to write a script for the bloodwork and schedule an appointment soon after. I usually schedule a physical at the same time so I can kill two birds with one stone. I usually have some ligament or tendon bothering me from lifting anyhow. By scheduling some sort of appointment your doctor is able to go over the results with you and explain each one.

Wish I had this printout before as the lab results can be really confusing without this info.

Originally posted by Dr.X
Anabolic steroids promote strength gain, muscle synthesis, and increased metabolic capacity. Their responsible, moderate use improves athletic performance, cosmetic appearance, and perceived social opportunity and self-esteem. However, anabolics achieve their effects by perturbing the human endocrine system, a complex feedback mechanism of glands and organs that are, in healthy and youthful persons, in an exquisite state of natural balance. Compounds like anabolic steroids that alter this balance are appropriate for use only by mature, well-trained athletes who understand these drugs, their risks and their benefits. Except in the case of prospective users of clear promise for national or international ranking in a sport, realistically hopeful for the kinds of benefits such ranking confers, the following should be characteristic of anyone, of any age, prior to the addition of anabolic steroids to a training regime:


1. PHYSICAL MATURITY. Anabolics can, through either direct or indirect effects, cause premature closure of the epiphyseal plates (growth plates) at the end of bone, an irreversible effect that may result in permanently shorter stature than the athlete would otherwise achieve. Therefore, the athlete should have reached full physical stature and maturity of the skeleton before contemplating anabolic use. In most cases, full stature is not reached until the very late teens and, in many cases, development of both long skeletal bones and joint assemblies (hips and shoulders) continues into the early 20's, development of the larynx (voice box) into the mid-20’s.


2. SIGNIFICANT MATURE MUSCULARITY. Anabolics have poor effect, or transitory effect, on athletes in mediocre condition; in addition, their tendency to boost muscle strength ahead of the strength of supporting tendons and ligaments can lead to debilitating injury in athletes without substantial prior training. Therefore, the athlete should have accumulated a significant amount of mature muscle mass and tendon strength through a dedicated program of resistance training prior to beginning anabolic use. Recognizing that there is substantial individual variability in training efficiency and effects, a minimum of 3 years, perhaps as many as 7, of dedicated weight training is required to achieve this necessary physical foundation, on which anabolics can be used safely and to best effect.

Originally posted by Dr.X

3. THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE. Anabolics are not a substitute for proper technique or applied knowledge of the basics of exercise physiology. Therefore, the athlete considering the use of anabolics should have a very thorough and detailed knowledge of lifting technique, dietary practice, recuperative processes, and hormonal and nonhormonal supplementation, and should if possible prepare for the use of anabolics under the guidance of a trusted mentor who has mastered these issues. In particular, the athlete should have an excellent understanding of the uses, effects, and risk profiles of anabolics, and should be thoroughly conversant with the kinds of ancillary agents that minimize side-effects and speed post-cycle recovery. Recognizing that there is substantial individual variability in the pace at which this knowledge is acquired, at least a year of arduous study and reading is necessary to understand anabolics and post-cycle recovery, and at least 4 years of practice is required to establish the requisite knowledge base of lifting technique, recuperation, and diet.

4. PSYCHOLOGICAL MATURITY. Anabolic steroids can have marked effect on mood and disposition, either during the cycle of active use, or its aftermath. Therefore, the athlete considering the use of anabolics should have the psychological health and maturity that will enable him or her to use anabolics with minimal social, psychological, and legal risk to both him/herself and his/her network of partners and collaborators. In addition, the athlete should be firm enough in purpose and balanced enough in approach to understand not only how and when to initiate use of anabolics, but how and when to curtail or abandon use safely should that need arise.

The use of anabolic steroids is unwise for persons who have not satisfied these prerequisites, though exceptions may be made in cases of very unusual athletic promise. While not a function of mere calendar age per se, it is unarguable that, on average, the likelihood that these conditions will have been met increases as the age of the prospective anabolic user increases.

For the reasons adduced above, the following statement of consensus opinion is made:

Allowing for substantial individual variability, and with the exception of cases of truly outstanding athletic promise, the athlete considering the use of anabolics should be socially and physically mature, psychologically healthy, and should have completed 4 to 7 years of dedicated, mentored training in strength/endurance athletics and study in lifting technique, dietary practices, recuperation skills and supplementation. In most cases, the athlete will have reached the age of 21 before these prerequisites are in place, recognizing that many athletes will not have achieved the necessary experience, physical maturity, and psychic balance until their mid-20's or even later.

There are many side effects, some of which are specific to teen users:

Acne
Possible increase in Male Pattern Baldness
Gynecomastia (bitch tits)
Stunted growth (premature closing of growth plates - not only affects height, but also other long bones such as collar bone)
Natural testosterone production supression (not ideal at such an important time for your endocrine system)
Risk of injury (anabolics normally provide an increase in strength. Muscles react more quickly than tendons. This can be an issue even for veteran lifters - potentially much more of a problem for novice trainers who's form is still likely to be poor)
Possible liver stress with alkylated steroids
Possible sexual dysfunction